Table 2 Regulatory role of ncRNAs in autophagy of colorectal cancer reported by studies

MiRNAs

MiR-214

Up-regulated

Inhibited

In CRC cells, IR-induced autophagy increased radioresistance

Through the inhibition of autophagy, miR-214 significantly increased the radiosensitivity of CRC

In vitro

In vivo

[174]

MiR-31

Down-regulated

Activated

In CAF, miR-31 could significantly reduce the induction of autophagy

Up-regulation of miR-31 increased apoptosis in CRC cells but didn`t have any effects on the cell cycle

In vitro

[172]

MiR-210

Down-regulated

Inhibited

By upregulating Bcl-2 expression in hypoxic condition, miR-210 inhibition increased radiosensitivity and decreased autophagy

In vitro

[177]

MiR-338-5p

Up-regulated

Inhibited

MiR-338-5p controlled the EMT together with the suppression of autophagy, and increased CRC invasion by reducing PIK3C3

In vitro

In vivo

[170]

MiR-125b

Up-regulated

Activated

The decreased apoptosis and increased autophagy in the cancer cells overexpressing miR-125b made them less sensitive to 5-FU than those expressing pre-miR-NC

In vitro

In vivo

[181]

MiR-22

Up-regulated

Inhibited

By preventing autophagy and increasing apoptosis, miR-22 increased the susceptibility of CRC cells to treatment with 5-FU

In vitro

In vivo

[182]

MiR-135b-5p

Up-regulated

Activated

Through the MUL1/ULK1 signaling pathway, miR-135b-5p overexpression in CRC induced protective autophagy and increased oxaliplatin resistance

In vivo

[315]

MiR-34a/b/c

Down-regulated

Activated

Concurrent deletion of miR-34a and miR-34b/c increased invasion, migration, and EMT, decreased susceptibility to chemotherapeutics, increased stress-induced autophagic flux, and lowered apoptosis

In vitro

[316]

MiR-483

Up-regulated

Inhibited

MiR-483 endogenously adjusted the expression of EI24 and the growth of CRC cells

In vitro

[317]

MiR-31-5p

Down-regulated

Activated

By mediating autophagy, miR-31-5p knockdown significantly reduced the malignant behaviors of CRC cells

In vivo

[318]

MiR-21

Down-regulated

Activated

Tangerine recovered the expression of the target gene PTEN, decreased Akt activation, promoted autophagy, and blocked miR-21 production in cells that had been exposed to 5-FU

In vitro

In vivo

[319]

MiR-145

Down-regulated

Activated

Through the HDAC4/p53 axis, ATF4-mediated miR-145 suppression enhanced CRC cell autophagy and increased their resistance to 5-FU

In vivo

[320]

LncRNAs

TUG1

Up-regulated

Activated

TUG1 enhanced CRC cells' resistance to cisplatin by stimulating autophagy, while IGF2BP2 increased TUG1 expression in CRC cells

In vitro

In vivo

[321]

SNHG8

Up-regulated

Activated

In CRC cells, SNHG8 increased the expression of ATG7 to induce autophagy

In vivo

[186]

UCA1

Down-regulated

Inhibited

By blocking miR-185-5p, UCA1 increased autophagy and SW620 cell proliferation whereas promoting tumor survival by activating the WISP2/β-catenin pathway

In vitro

In vivo

[322]

CPS1-IT1

Up-regulated

Activated

By preventing hypoxia-induced autophagy and inactivating HIF-1α in CRC, LncRNA CPS1-IT inhibited metastasis and EMT

In vitro

In vivo

[323]

SLCO4A1-AS1

Up-regulated

Activated

SLCO4A1-AS1 substantially increased autophagy and CRC cell proliferation in CRC tissues and served as the miR-508-3p sponge for PARD3 upregulation

In vivo

[324]

SNHG6

Up-regulated

Activated

SNHG6 increased chemoresistance by sponging miR-26a-5p, which led to ULK1-induced autophagy in CRC cells

In vivo

[325]

NEAT1

Down-regulated

Inhibited

LncRNA NEAT1 induced autophagy and targeted miR-34a to increase 5-FU chemoresistance in CRC

In vitro

[326]

LINC01871

Up-regulated

Activated

LncRNA NEAT1 induced autophagy and targeted miR-34a to increase 5-FU chemoresistance in CRC

In vivo

[327]

linc-POU3F3

Up-regulated

Inhibited

Linc-POU3F3 reduced apoptosis while promoting proliferation and metastasis

In vitro

[328]

RP4

Up-regulated

Activated

LncRNA RP4 inhibited colorectal tumorigenesis and triggered autophagy-mediated cell death

In vitro

[329]

SP100-AS1

Down-regulated

Inhibited

Silencing SP100-AS1 counteracted the autophagy that radiation caused in HCT116 cells

In vitro

In vivo

[187]

Lnc-FAL1

Up-regulated

Inhibited

In CRC cells, Oxaliplatin-induced autophagy was suggestively reduced by the overexpression of Lnc-FAL1

In vitro

In vivo

[330]

LncRNA-TINCR

Down-regulated

Activated

Cell migration, invasion, and proliferation were all dramatically decreased by lncRNA TINCR knockdown, whereas apoptosis and autophagy were both significantly elevated

In vitro

[331]

CircRNAs

CircCUL2

Up-regulated

Activated

Upregulation of circCUL2 targeted the miR-208a-3p/PPP6C signal pathway and suppressed cancer development

In vivo

[98]

CircUBAP2

Up-regulated

Activated

A new circUBAP2/miR-582-5p/FOXO1 axis functioned as an oncogene, offering a prospective biomarker and therapeutic target for the therapy of CRC

In vitro

In vivo

[195]

CircATG4B

Up-regulated

Activated

Through the promotion of autophagy, CircATG4B caused oxaliplatin resistance

In vitro

In vivo

[198]

CircHIPK3

Down-regulated

Activated

CircHIPK3 downregulation caused autophagy, which made the resistant CRC cells more susceptible to oxaliplatin by increasing the ratio of LC3B-II to LC3B-I, beclin1 expression, and decreasing p62 expression

In vitro

In vivo

[332]

CircCCDC66

Down-regulated

Inhibited

CircCCD66 was increased in CRC cells exposed to hypoxia, which stimulated the development and carcinogenesis of CRC. CircCCD66 inhibition, however, inhibited the malignant behaviors that hypoxia-induced in CRC cells

In vitro

In vivo

[333]

CircHADHA

Up-regulated

Activated

CircHADHA stimulated autophagy in colon epithelial and cancer cells by controlling ATG13 via miR-361. Through the induction of cell autophagy in CRC cells, CircHADHA reduced tumor development

In vivo

[334]