Fig. 3
From: Physical exercise and epigenetic modifications in skeletal muscle, brain, and heart
Exercise-induced epigenetic changes in the brain. (A) DNA Methylation: Exercise induces changes in DNA methylation that regulate gene expression, such as in the BDNF promoter. (B) Histone Modification: Exercise influences histone modifications in various brain regions, such as the cFos promoter in the hippocampus, which attenuates memory deficits induced by aging. Additionally, HDAC2 and HDAC3 are involved in promoting BDNF expression, enhancing cognitive function via circulating molecules like DBHB. (C) m6A RNA Methylation: Exercise affects brain m6A levels through hepatic biosynthesis of SAM, influencing anxiety-like behaviors and neural activity, improving stress resilience. (D) miRNA Regulation: Exercise alters the expression of specific miRNAs in the brain